Lake Turkana National Park

Remote, wild, and otherworldly — Lake Turkana National Parks offer one of Africa’s most surreal landscapes. Known as the “Jade Sea” for its shimmering turquoise waters, Lake Turkana is the world’s largest desert lake and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It’s surrounded by volcanic hills, ancient fossils, and vast wilderness, offering visitors a journey back in time to where life on Earth began.

Overview

Lake Turkana sits in Kenya’s far north, straddling Marsabit and Turkana counties, in one of the continent’s most isolated yet fascinating regions. The area includes three protected parks — Sibiloi National Park, Central Island National Park, and South Island National Park — all recognized for their geological, archaeological, and ecological significance.

This remote region combines stark desert beauty with a sense of discovery — where prehistoric fossils tell the story of human origins, and volcanic islands teem with crocodiles, flamingos, and birdlife.

Wildlife and Attractions

Though the surrounding environment appears harsh, Lake Turkana is teeming with life, both above and below its shimmering surface.

Wildlife highlights:

• Crocodiles: The world’s largest population of Nile crocodiles nests on Central Island.

• Birdlife: Over 350 bird species, including flamingos, pelicans, and cormorants, thrive around the alkaline waters.

• Fish: A remarkable 60+ fish species, including Nile perch and tilapia.

• Land mammals: Grevy’s zebra, oryx, Grant’s gazelle, and sometimes lions and cheetahs can be spotted in the surrounding arid plains.

Top attractions:

• Central Island National Park: A volcanic island with three crater lakes — Crocodile Lake, Flamingo Lake, and Tilapia Lake — each supporting distinct wildlife.

• Sibiloi National Park: Known as the “Cradle of Mankind”, this is where the remains of Homo habilis and other early humans were discovered by the Leakey family.

• South Island National Park: Another volcanic island and a vital breeding ground for crocodiles and birdlife.

• Koobi Fora Museum: A fascinating site showcasing the fossils and artifacts unearthed in the region.

• Desert Landscapes: Stark, lava-strewn plains that make for unforgettable photography and exploration.

Activities

Visitors to the Lake Turkana National Parks can enjoy a range of unique experiences:

• Boat excursions to Central or South Island to see the crater lakes and crocodile colonies.

• Fossil site tours at Koobi Fora to explore the prehistoric discoveries that shaped our understanding of evolution.

• Game drives in Sibiloi to spot desert-adapted wildlife.

• Birdwatching along the lake shores and islands.

• Cultural encounters with Turkana, Rendille, and Gabbra communities, known for their rich traditions and artistry.

• Scenic photography of volcanic formations, flamingos, and the striking jade waters.

Accommodation

Given its remote location, accommodation around Lake Turkana is limited but rewarding for adventurous travellers:

• Lodges:

  • Oasis Lodge (Loiyangalani) – the most established lodge, offering comfortable chalets and lake views.

  • Palm Shade Camp (Loiyangalani) – a budget-friendly option with bandas and tents.

• Campsites:

  • Public and special campsites are available in Sibiloi National Park and near Koobi Fora for self-sufficient visitors.

• Community guesthouses: Operated by local Turkana and Rendille communities, offering a cultural immersion experience.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Lake Turkana is during the dry seasons (June–October and December–March) when roads are more accessible and the skies are clear for photography and sightseeing.

How to Get There

• By Road: About 800 km from Nairobi via Marsabit or Maralal. A 4×4 vehicle is essential due to rugged terrain.

• By Air: Charter flights can land at Loiyangalani, Sibiloi, or Turkana South airstrips.

Travel Tips

• Carry ample fuel, water, and supplies — services are minimal.

• A local guide or ranger escort is highly recommended for navigation and safety.

• Respect local customs when visiting nearby villages.

• Combine your trip with visits to Marsabit National Park or Chalbi Desert for a full northern Kenya adventure.